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05 Nov

Speaking to Hamish

Old Town Edinburgh from Calton Hill, G.W.Wilson 1870s

Hamish is my closest friend, albeit a fairly grumpy one. He has seen much of my joy and sorrow and commented on nearly all of what he has seen. There has been plenty of laughter along the way. It is now over 20 years since I left Edinburgh but the connection with him has grown stronger, not weaker. Artistic matters are the most personal of all and I have been able to discuss these with him, but not so candidly with others. Like everyone, I am guarded about what is most personal. Yet I have the necessary release of being able to share my private world with this one friend.

Though Hamish is not a musician, he hears me out on my ideas for writing music, saying what he finds positive and what he finds negative. And this is good as one wishes in any case to reach out to a public that does not comprise simply fellow composers. Our music descends into a purely professional activity if we are not careful. We speak to each other like doctors whose jargon excludes the general public. Yet music is intended for that general public just as much as medicine is. Indeed, is it not a sort of medicine? At college, where one sits in the auditorium amongst fellow students, listening to the work of other students, one acquires a taste for “purely professional activity”.

So, in a long conversation last night I explained what I have been planning for the group in Venice I am writing for. It is a radical departure for me, though in a direction I have tried to travel before. There is a point of departure, a direction, a route, a goal, and all things must align themselves if the voyage is to happen. Yes, I can be honest and admit that I have spent a great deal of time hanging around the harbour “getting ready” whereas I was actually “getting into trouble” of various kinds. After I talked to Hamish and he approved my ideas, I felt a nice puff of wind in my sails and some forward momentum as a result.

Categories: On composing, Personal stories Tags:
25 May

Disobeying the die

Walking yesterday in Rembrandtpark, I had my 20-sided die with me in my pocket  -  the green one, that I use partly for yes/no answers. This had not only brought me to the park  -  I couldn’t decide where to walk  -  but it was also guiding me around it. Naturally there are many different directions to take, all more or less equal in their appeal…….I came to a fork and the die said go right but I went left. Right only led to the children’s zoo and from a distance I had already seen that it was crowded with people. Nowhere to sit there. So I was wrong to give a decision to the die as there was actually no choice to be made.
I was looking for a quiet bench as I wanted to compose the variation theme for the piano sonata I had started the day before. I had brought manuscript paper with me and a pencil and a rubber. The music was in my head, but only vaguely so. It lacked that specificity that I sometimes have. I like to compose out of doors or in cafes. As I walked through the park I remembered how in the sixth form at school I also used to like sketching out of doors. I miss that. It was a nice time for me. Here in Amsterdam I never see anybody doing that. In Venice you see it the whole time. Why? Because it’s picturesque there? But people should sketch everywhere. Big factory chimneys belching smoke are visually nice too.

I turned left disobeying the die. I thought about that and the irony of my decision. The point of the die of course is to facilitate decisions where there is no obvious choice. It gets you quickly over any hesitation. And yet, disobeying the die like that causes uneasiness. Therefore I must conclude that the randomness is something more than randomness. The die starts to take on an authority, as if it not only chooses, but also sets rules.

It was hard to find a place where people weren’t coming by, as the day was beautiful and the park was full. As I looked for a place I took time to watch people playing. I enjoyed very much watching a rather fat young woman playing football in a little family group. It was a Moslem family I presumed as the women had head scarves on. So the fat woman looked very happy to have that freedom to play football within her family. And I thought directly of Picasso as people are always carping on about the way he depicts the women in his life, but the truth is that there are many paintings of his where he celebrates peace  -  peaceful scenes like the one I was watching. People free to play in the park without fear of attack. I think that the theme of peace in Picasso is a big one, though perhaps not as important as the theme of eroticism.

I thought a lot about the woman  -  the meaning of the head scarf and the context in which she was playing, within the family group like that. She had long robes and was really too fat to run properly and was laughing. It made me happy to see her so happy. I found a bench and I started to write. I continued to use the die, twirling it in my left hand and finding the answers I needed whilst writing with my right hand. The die was deciding for me questions to which there were no obvious answers. Apart from the outflow of sound (I compared it once to the Nile in flood) you can say that composition consists of replying to questions. Meanwhile, the biggest questions aren’t even asked and they are decided for you by the spirit that stands at your shoulder  -  the real director of things. You don’t see his face as it is the face of a god.

I was writing in four-part counterpoint yesterday rather than in homophonic or chordal texture. So the lines went their separate ways. Later at home I made a neat copy using four coloured pens, so that things didn’t get too confused on the page. I made repeated mistakes and in the end got so tired that I had to abandon the task. Making the mistakes upset me and I realized again that random decisions become as fixed as any others. I wasn’t willing to accept mistakes in what I had decided. Therefore disobeying the die is no simple matter. There’s a bigger issue there.

The colours in the score are very pleasing and are in fact part of the fun of doing it. This morning I was up early and completed the thing quickly. The sun was streaming through the windows in the back room where I worked on the dining table. I thought of the cactuses in the bedroom  -  they share the room with me and sit in the window behind the curtain. They would be enjoying the same intense light at that moment and I knew they would be content as yesterday I had soaked them in water. I also thought of Venice as the intense light reminded me of springtime there, walking around as a student, completely lost in all those little alleys where everything repeats itself in endless variation. The smells of flowers and of baking, and the bright sunshine and many shadows, the sounds of voices and that delicious Venetian accent which itself is music. Though in those days I had not yet understood the concept of a very wide definition of what music is.
I began to write this note as I waited for my neighbours to wake up so that I could play  what I had copied neatly. My piano is dampened with felt. Even so, I fear that the sound travels down through the floor.
Categories: On composing Tags:
24 Apr

The primacy of pitch

The primacy of pitch I                                        

No one talks about Webern any more. He’s never mentioned. Yet his music is a hundred times more attractive to me than nearly everything new that I hear, so it’s disconcerting. His use of pitch restores me to myself. Restores my balance, is that it? Because I recall why I became involved in this modern style as a teenager? That there can be pitch structures so attractive to me, though existing without the “gravitational” aspect of old scales, is a wonder. It is a wonder of the European story I think. Stravinsky spoke of “dazzling diamonds” in reference to this music. And indeed I find it noble. Who imagined in 1900 that such a thing might be possible? Anyone?
There is nothing I regret in Webern’s music. Not at all, I can’t. Yet there are things that I wish were otherwise . There is an inescapable bond with Expressionism it seems to me and I don’t like that. This constant human cry petering out in a morendo for example. It does not move me and I want it to stop. I am attracted to something else  -  the harmonies, the lines and the splintering of beats. I do not regret the nerve-racking task for performers. Do they not have this same exposure in Mozart  -  nowhere to hide? And who regrets Mozart because it is so difficult to perform? For that music I fall to my knees.
I keep quiet when I hear composers complain about Schoenberg and I wonder if these individuals are simply unable to understand chromatic music and unaffected by it therefore. Schoenberg and his pupils  -  Berg and Webern  -  remain for me a standard impossible to reach, yet one that drives me on down the road to the future.
                                   The primacy of pitch II
Is American music “the gift that keeps on giving”? Well, to me, it truly is. I have caught the song “Use Somebody” in several versions as I go about my business. Kings of Leon, the rockers who wrote it, have their recording a tone lower than the cover version by the Dutch singer Laura Jansen. I adore her voice, but it is the pitches that I adore most  -  the bass with its low F (low G in the Jansen version) and the appoggiatura on E (or F#). Yet, as I watch the video of the Kings of Leon original, I am also reminded of why I found men so dazzling in the first place, and call to mind all the grievances and anger that flowed from that. 
Categories: On composing Tags:
11 Mar

Inspiration from Kandinsky and help from a friend

A few weeks ago I was disturbed by something which happened whilst I was sketching the music for a new series of pieces I am calling Composition I, II, III, IV………etc. The first one (Composition I) is scored for flute, clarinet, percussion, piano, violin and cello. It was late at night and I was making some calculations about where in the piece to place five tutti chords. The following day I looked at the sketches and saw that I had inadvertently made the calculations twice. Therefore I had ten positions for the idea instead of the five I intended. It was disconcerting. I do not like this kind of error and then the decisions that must follow about what to do in the unforeseen circumstances. I decided to leave the error as it was.

I then got the idea that the five chords would each be followed by echo versions, thereby using up all the ten positions I had worked out and as a consequence of that, a greater problem  arose, because I was instantly put in mind of the ancient Greek myth of Echo and Narcissus. It is a nice myth and not wholly sentimental. I could “bend” the piece in that direction. To follow that path however would take me away from my intended goal  -  that is, to write some pieces inspired by paintings of Kandinsky. It is a project I have had in mind for some time and now I was at long last getting round to tackling it. But I decided that I could follow the Narcissus idea and even name the work after him.

The musical imitation of aspects of the myth occurred to me thick and fast  -  it would be easy to make such an Impressionist piece on the subject. I was disconcerted, as that would mean the abandoning of the Kandinsky project, as the new piece could not be both that and a bit of musical Impressionism at one and the same time. The two things cancel each other out.

Why? A Mozart symphony is not narrative music. It is not a symphonic poem. Equally it is not Nuages or La Mer. In other words a Mozart symphony is not a work wholly dedicated to conveying mood and imagery. But I refuse to describe this aristocratic style of his as abstract. There is no such thing in music as “abstract”. Music is, by its very nature, unable to be inexpressive. In Stravinsky’s 1936 autobiography Chroniques de ma vie, he said “Music is, by its very nature, essentially powerless to express anything at all.” This statement is not just incorrect, it is bogus. A few years previously the composer had produced Le Sacre du Printemps. A magnificent example of music’s essential powerlessness to express anything, I don’t think. I liken Kandinsky’s “geometric” style to the music that people call abstract. For sure anyway, it is more Bach fugue than it is Jardins sous la pluie.  


At this early juncture in the creative process, by chance a composer friend came to dinner and I asked his permission to lay out the issues before him and get his reaction. I explained that I believe it to be a disadvantage that composers rarely discuss their creative processes with others whilst writing and that it would be better for us if we were not so isolated at these times. He countered that he found something positive in this “isolation”. Nevertheless, he consented to hear me out and so I showed him the sketchbook, even explaining the hidden aspects of the process  -  the chance methods, the cards I use, the coloured beads, and so forth. He shocked me by instantly taking sides with my first idea (the Kandinsky one) and urged me to remain faithful to that and not be diverted from my intended path. He said that the idea that had occurred to me (the Echo and Narcissus one) destroyed the basis of the project. He then went on to a discussion of chance itself, saying that if it were his piece, he would leave a lot of decisions to the performers. For example, he would allow them to choose the position of those five chords that got me into trouble. Now I was doubly shocked.

We finished dinner and went into the other room to watch some absorbing films he had brought with him, including some about Alexander Calder. I had never really considered the career of Calder properly. I enjoy looking at his mobiles and assume many people do, but I only own a print of his work because it was on sale in a print shop, so the artist hasn’t received much respect from me. But here, in the films, I saw all manner of things that I admired deeply  -  his fluency for example in making paintings. You have to understand how much I have come to detest slow, laboured methods of work in my own creations!

  
This was an interlude as we then went back to discussing the chance processes we had debated at the dinner table. I made the point that for me to be asked to present scores with large areas of decision making left to performers (so-called “aleatoric music”) is like asking me to do something that revolts me. I shrink from it. Now it was his turn to look a bit shocked. Did it seem to him a rather brutal dismissal of the whole idea of aleatoricism, something very dear to him? Well, we parted on good terms, as usual, so he did not take offence.

The next day, I was very pleased with everything that had happened the previous night. It had been right to open up to a trusted someone about my creative problems and the reaction I had received was very helpful. I found I agreed with my friend that a chance error cannot be allowed to lead one away from the goal one has set for a work. If there had been no goal in view, I could have followed the unexpected path that presented itself. But no, on this occasion, I shouldn’t. As to the issue of aleatoricism, in the John Cage sense, I would defer dealing with that until another day, as peace negotiators do when confronted by some core disagreement.